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A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid esters in contaminated soils

Tingting MA, Ying TENG, Peter CHRISTIE, Yongming LUO, Yongshan CHEN, Mao YE, Yujuan HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 31-42 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0463-2

摘要： An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is developed for the analysis of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are priority soil pollutants nominated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Quantification of PAEs in soil employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) (USEPA 3550) and ASE (USEPA 3545), followed by clean up procedures involving three different chromatography columns and two combined elution methods. GC-MS conditions under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode are described and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria with high accuracy and sensitivity for target analytes were achieved. Method reliability is assured with the use of an isotopically labeled PAE, di- -butyl phthalate-d4 (DnBP-D4), as a surrogate, and benzyl benzoate (BB) as an internal standard, and with the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM). QA/QC for the developed procedure was tested in four PAE-spiked soils and one PAE-contaminated soil. The four spiked soils were originated from typical Chinese agricultural fields and the contaminated soil was obtained from an electronic waste dismantling area. Instrument detection limits (IDLs) for the six PAEs ranged 0.10–0.31 μg·L and method detection limits (MDLs) of the four spiked soils varied from a range of 20–70 μg·kg to a range of 90– 290 μg·kg . Linearity of response between 20 μg·L and 2 mg·L was also established and the correlation coefficients ( ) were all>0.998. Spiked soil matrix showed relative recovery rates between 75 and 120% for the six target compounds and about 93% for the surrogate substance. The developed procedure is anticipated to be highly applicable for field surveys of soil PAE pollution in China.

关键词： phthalic acid esters quality assurance and quality control soil type accelerated solvent extraction certified reference materials

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Cholera: an overview with reference to the Yemen epidemic

Ali A. Rabaan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 213-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0631-2

摘要： Cholera is a secretory diarrhoeal disease caused by infection with , primarily the O1 El Tor biotype. There are approximately 2.9 million cases in 69 endemic countries annually, resulting in 95 000 deaths. Cholera is associated with poor infrastructure and lack of access to sanitation and clean drinking water. The current cholera epidemic in Yemen, linked to spread of O1 (Ogawa serotype), is associated with the ongoing war. This has devastated infrastructure and health services. The World Health Organization had estimated that 172 286 suspected cases arose between 27th April and 19th June 2017, including 1170 deaths. While there are three oral cholera vaccines prequalified by the World Health Organization, there are issues surrounding vaccination campaigns in conflict situations, exacerbated by external factors such as a global vaccine shortage. Major movements of people complicates surveillance and administration of double doses of vaccines. Cholera therapy mainly depends on rehydration, with use of antibiotics in more severe infections. Concerns have arisen about the rise of antibiotic resistance in cholera, due to mobile genetic elements. In this review, we give an overview of cholera epidemiology, virulence, antibiotic resistance, therapy and vaccines, in the light of the ongoing epidemic in Yemen.

关键词： cholera epidemic multi-drug resistant catechin luteolin ToxT CTX&Fcy

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reference tracking control design for a class of nonlinear systems with time-varying delays

Mei-qin LIU,Hai-yang CHEN,Sen-lin ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第9期页码 759-768 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500053

摘要： This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with timevarying delays by virtue of Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. A unified model consisting of a linear delayed dynamic system and a bounded static nonlinear operator is introduced, which covers most of the nonlinear systems with bounded nonlinear terms, such as the one-link robotic manipulator, chaotic systems, complex networks, the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and the standard genetic regulatory network (SGRN). First, the definition of the tracking control is given. Second, the performance analysis of the closed-loop system including this unified model, reference model, and state feedback controller is presented. Then criteria on the tracking controller design are derived in terms of LMIs such that the output of the closed-loop system tracks the given reference signal in the sense. The reference model adopted here is modified to be more flexible. A scaling factor is introduced to deal with the disturbance such that the control precision is improved. Finally, a CSTR system is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the established control laws.

关键词： H∞ reference tracking Nonlinear system State feedback control Time-varying delays Unified model

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A reliable and practical reference objective for the deviation diagnosis of energy system parameters

Liping LI, Zheng LI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 440-445 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0051-8

摘要： The core objective to optimize a complex energy system is to set the reference target to guide the parameter adjustment of system operation. In this paper, a new case-based approach is proposed based on an online performance assessment program and its long-term operation data for a large power unit. The online model of a coal-fired power unit’s performance assessment is demonstrated, and the distribution pattern of the performance index is revealed by statistical analysis of the abundant data. The fundamental issues (representation of the similarity of two thermal processes, similarity measure, etc.) are tackled. The key sections and key parameters for the completion of similarity determination are proposed, which are essential to realize a case-based strategy. A full-scope simulator of power unit is used to test the availability of the method. The advantage of the case-based approach is the integrality of information over other methods.

关键词： energy system case-based optimization power unit operation performance

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Management strategies of marine food resources under multiple stressors with particular reference of

Qisheng TANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 85-90 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014021

摘要：

In this study two main management strategies are discussed: one is to develop resource conservation-based capture fisheries, and the other is to develop environmentally friendly aquaculture. During the resource recovery period, the development of environmentally friendly aquaculture should be encouraged, especially in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, which is adaptive, efficient and sustainable. For future development and better understanding the ecosystem, it is necessary to further strengthen basic research.

关键词： marine ecosystem management strategies food resources Yellow Sea

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标准参考数据的科学内涵及发展战略研究

方向,于连超,任思源,熊行创⁠

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 230-238 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.021

摘要：

标准参考数据是一类高质量科学数据，兼具计量科学特征和技术标准属性，是国家重要的科技基础和战略资源。我国标准参考数据的研究与建设基本处于空白状态，大幅落后于国际先进水平，造成科学研究和生产的系统性风险。本文详细阐明标准参考数据的科学内涵、外延特征及其战略价值，深度分析美国标准参考数据的发展脉络、管理体系、国际影响及其实践应用，在此基础上梳理我国标准参考数据发展现状，重点指出其中存在的概念不清晰、顶层设计不足、数据资源积累匮乏、管理体系缺失等关键问题，并系统地设计了我国标准参考数据建设路径。研究建议，建立健全标准参考数据政策制度体系；强化研究与建设经费保障；加强宣传教育，加快人才培养；汇集多方力量，加大国际合作。

关键词：科学数据；计量溯源；标准化；标准参考数据

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Wheat research and breeding in the new era of a high-quality reference genome

Rudi APPELS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 225-232 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019265

摘要：

The publications of the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) released in August 2018 are reviewed and placed into the context of developments arising from the availability of the high-quality wheat genome assembly.

关键词： assembly technology molecular markers polyploidy transcript networks wheat genome

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A model reference adaptive control based method for actuator delay estimation in real-time testing

Cheng CHEN, James M. RICLES

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 277-286 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0072-8

摘要： Real-time testing provides a viable experimental technique to evaluate the performance of structural systems subjected to dynamic loading. Servo-hydraulic actuators are often utilized to apply calculated displacements from an integration algorithm to the experimental structures in a real-time manner. The compensation of actuator delay is therefore critical to achieve stable and reliable experimental results. The advances in compensation methods based on adaptive control theory enable researchers to accommodate variable actuator delay and achieve good actuator control for real-time tests. However, these adaptive methods all require time duration for actuator delay adaptation. Experiments show that a good actuator delay estimate can help optimize the performance of the adaptive compensation methods. The rate of adaptation also requires that a good actuator delay estimate be acquired especially for the tests where the peak structural response might occur at the beginning of the tests. This paper presents a model reference adaptive control based method to identify the parameter of a simplified discrete model for servo-hydraulic dynamics and the resulting compensation method. Simulations are conducted using both numerical analysis and experimental results to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.

关键词： real-time testing actuator delay compensation adaptive control MIT rule discrete transfer function

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Comparison of reference values for immune recovery between event-free patients receiving haploidentical

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 153-163 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0548-1

摘要：

To establish optimal reference values for recovered immune cell subsets, we prospectively investigated post-transplant immune reconstitution (IR) in 144 patients who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and without showing any of the following events: poor graft function, grades II?IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), serious chronic GVHD, serious bacterial infection, invasive fungal infection, or relapse or death in the first year after transplantation. IR was rapid in monocytes, intermediate in lymphocytes, CD3⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and CD19⁺ B cells, and very slow in CD4⁺ T cells in the entire patient cohort. Immune recovery was generally faster under HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation than under haploidentical transplantation. Results suggest that patients with an IR comparable to the reference values display superior survival, and the levels of recovery in immune cells need not reach those in healthy donor in the first year after transplantation. We suggest that data from this recipient cohort should be used as reference values for post-transplant immune cell counts in patients receiving HSCT.

关键词： immune reconstitution hematopoietic stem cell transplantation event-free patients reference range

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中国动态大地坐标框架最优实现的方法与应用 Article

程鹏飞, 成英燕, 王晓明, 吴素芹, 徐彦田

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第8期页码 879-897 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.004

摘要：

2000国家大地坐标系（CGCS2000）作为正式发布的法定坐标系已运用了多年。在我国，所有基于全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）测站的坐标为了与CGCS2000框架保持一致，都需要进行坐标改正。实现最佳CGCS2000框架需采用不同的策略，而不同的策略会导致不同的结果，有的差异甚至达到几分米。GNSS测站坐标改正常用的两种方法是CGCS2000控制下的拟稳平差和板块运动改正，两种方法计算的结果相差超过10 cm。本文将监督聚类（supervised clustering）统计方法应用于GNSS基准站的选择，同时提出了GNSS测站大网数据处理分组的间距分区（partition spacing）法，并用板块运动改正将当前历元GNSS测站坐标归算至CGCS2000参考历元。结果表明，新的分区方法明显优于传统的地理分区方法。当以不分组的测站坐标为标准时，新分区方法得到的三维坐标分量的精度均优于2 mm。监督聚类法得到的x、y、z方向上的速度均方根（RMS）分别为0.19 mm·a^–1、0.45 mm·a^–1和0.32 mm·a^–1，远小于传统方法的0.92 mm·a^–1、0.72 mm·a^–1和0.97 mm·a^–1。此外，采用奇异谱分析（SSA）对位置非线性运动进行建模和预测。在东、北、高（E、N和U）方向，SSA的建模精度分别优于3 mm、2 mm和5 mm，在水平方向和垂直方向的预测精度分别优于5 mm和1 cm。

关键词：参考框架优化实现中国板块模型 CGCS2000维持非线性运动建模

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Lightening structure optimization on turbine wheel of vehicular turbocharger

ZHAO Junsheng, MA Chaochen, HU Liaoping

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 422-426 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0098-y

摘要： Based on basic principle of optimization design, structure optimization of turbine is conducted using optimization module of ANSYS and APDL in order to get the minimum turbine weight. Meanwhile, the original blade profile and flow passage are maintained, and the structural strength of the turbine are guaranteed. Considering assembly technique and cast requirement, the structure of the modified turbine is determined which can save 6.91 percent of the material compared with the original one. The modified turbine not only saved material, but also gained better effect of mass distribution between the turbine and the compressor impeller. The result can provide useful reference to engineering application of turbocharger.

关键词： requirement technique engineering application turbocharger reference

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苏通大桥短期观测流速在设计基准期内的应用

苏慧,龚维明,梁书亭

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第7期页码 42-46

摘要：

对缺乏长期流速资料的地区，给出了一种通过当地短期流速资料推算设计基准期参考流速的方法；通过分析苏通长江公路大桥水流速度观测的有关内容，采用实测的短期实际流速记录建立流速概率分布模型，按小样本推算极值的办法，得到大桥的设计基准期的基本流速并进行相关分析，确认计算结果的合理性，建立线性回归方程；为确保大桥在动力荷载作用下的安全应用及苏通大桥工程设计、施工提供可靠的技术指导。

关键词：短期观测设计基准期流速相关分析回归方程

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面向服务的P2P网络体系结构层次参考模型研究

刘业,刘林峰,庄艳艳

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第9期页码 72-77

摘要：

提出了一种基于交互、面向服务的P2P网络体系结构框架模型ISPNA，同时结合P2P网络松耦合、自组织、可缩放等特点，对P2P网络技术中增强其可用性需要解决的关键问题进行分析。从P2P网络体系结构的研究角度出发，将增强P2P网络可用性所需要考虑的多方面因素放置在P2P网络的不同层次予以解决，有利于从宏观上把握需要解决的问题。

关键词： P2P网络体系结构层次参考模型资源服务

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我国今后工程师分类框架设计

文亮,瓮晶波,何继善

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第8期页码 15-20

摘要：

英国模式和美国模式是国际上两种典型的注册工程师制度模式，世界上一些经济发达国家已经建立了以注册工程师制度为基础的工程师资格互认协议，这些国际工程师协议以受教育程度、工作经验、资格考试、继续教育一致性为基础。国家人事部在不同的阶段实行过多种工程师管理制度，为适应我国经济发展做了有益的尝试，在试行执业资格注册制度方面也已经进行了多年富有成效的探索，积累了较丰富的经验。文章认为我国新的工程师专业分类的原则主要是：既符合我国国情又能与国际接轨。我国工程师专业分类应在与国际工程师互认的基础性原则相一致的前提下，充分考虑我国现有工程师专业分类情况，尽可能与国际工程师专业分类融合，根据其是否直接涉及社会公众利益和公民生命财产安全，我国新的工程师专业可分为注册和非注册两大类。在借鉴英美国家工程师专业分类的同时，结合我国国情，通过尽可能不重复、不遗漏的综合我国现有一系列职业分类与学科分类代码表，我国工程技术人员按专业可以分成35类，有个别大类可以在大类的基础上再分若干亚类，并提出根据工程师分类构筑工程管理师认证体系的建议。

关键词：中国工程师专业分类注册工程师制度国际工程师互认协议

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Stress-strain relationship of concrete in freeze-thaw environment

ZOU Chaoying, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Feng

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 184-188 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0029-3

摘要： Adopting the ASTM C666 quick freeze-thaw method, freeze-thaw tests with the number of freeze-thaw cycles being 0, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300, were carried out on eighteen concrete prism specimens, the frost-resistant level of which, reaches D300 grade. The internal micro-structures of these specimens were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to detect damages caused by the freeze-thaw action. Afterwards these frozen-thawed specimens were tested on monotonic axial load; stress-strain testing curves after the freeze-thaw action were obtained. The testing results show that with the increasing time of freeze-thaw cycles, both the internal micro-structures and the basic mechanical parameters, including the ultimate bearing capacity, the Poisson ratio and the modulus of elasticity, degenerate in various degrees. Finally, stress-strain theoretical curvilinear equations and correlated parameters relating to the loss of relative dynamic modulus of elasticity were proposed. These results provide great reference for further research on the behavior and the calculation model of concrete structures in a freeze-thaw environment.

关键词： stress-strain theoretical freeze-thaw capacity reference eighteen concrete